Thumbnail: Ionization energies superimposed on a periodic table. 2.S: Elements, Atoms, and the Periodic Table (Summary) To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the following bold terms and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter.2.E: Elements, Atoms, and the Periodic Table (Exercises) These are homework exercises to accompany Chapter 2 of the Ball et al.Elements that exhibit similar chemistry appear in vertical columns called groups (numbered 118 from left to right) the seven horizontal rows are called periods. Some characteristics of the elements are related to their position on the periodic table. The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number. 2.7: The Periodic Table The chemical elements are arranged in a chart called the periodic table.2.6: Arrangements of Electrons Electrons are organized into shells and subshells about the nucleus of an atom.2.5: Atomic Masses Atoms have a mass that is based largely on the number of protons and neutrons in their nucleus.Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different masses. 2.4: Nuclei of Atoms Elements can be identified by their atomic number and mass number.Protons and neutrons are grouped together in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons orbit about the nucleus. 2.3: The Structure of Atoms Atoms are composed of three main subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.Based on the periodic trends in the last 3 sections, this means that they are usually bigger, more likely to lose electrons, and less likely to gain electrons, than the non-metals. Remember that metals are on the left and bottom of the periodic table. The modern atomic theory establishes the concepts of atoms and how they compose matter. General Chemistry General Chemistry Supplement (Eames) Periodic Trends. 2.2: Atomic Theory Atoms are the ultimate building blocks of all matter.Chemical elements are represented by a one- or two-letter symbol. 2.1: The Elements All matter is composed of elements.Unprotected by enamel, a tooth will start to decay, thus developing cavities and other dental problems. Acids found in some foods or made by bacteria that feed on food residues on our teeth are capable of dissolving enamel. It has to be hard so that our teeth can serve us for a lifetime of biting and chewing however, tough as it is, tooth enamel is susceptible to chemical attack.
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